BMP1 (bone morphogenetic protein 1) is a zinc metalloproteinase belonging to the astacin/BMP1/tolloid-like family that plays multifaceted roles in extracellular matrix formation and tissue remodeling. Functionally, BMP1 mediates proteolytic processing of procollagen C-terminal propeptides to generate mature fibrillar collagen types I-III, a critical step in collagen fiber formation 1. Additionally, BMP1 activates lysyl oxidase and processes precursors for laminin-5 and collagen VII, contributing to ECM assembly 1. BMP1 also liberates TGF-β-like morphogens BMP2/4 from latent chordin complexes, regulating morphogenetic signaling gradients 1. Pathologically, BMP1 expression is elevated in multiple fibrotic conditions. In myocardial infarction, elevated BMP1 drives cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and macrophage polarization toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes; BMP1 inhibition with UK383367 attenuates these pathological processes 2. Similarly, BMP1 promotes keloid formation by inducing fibroblast inflammation and collagen production through TGF-β/MAPK signaling pathways 3. However, BMP1 deletion does not protect against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice, suggesting context-dependent pathogenic roles 4. Notably, BMP1 was identified as causally associated with gout risk through Mendelian randomization analysis, highlighting broader metabolic disease relevance 5.