CAV1 encodes caveolin-1, a scaffolding protein essential for caveolae formation and membrane raft organization 1. The protein forms stable complexes that drive caveolae assembly and mediates recruitment of CAVIN proteins to these membrane structures. CAV1 functions as a critical regulator of multiple cellular processes through direct protein interactions and signaling pathway modulation. The protein exhibits context-dependent dual roles in cancer, acting as both a tumor suppressor and promoter depending on cellular environment and cancer subtype 2. In glioblastoma, CAV1 promotes stemness and temozolomide resistance through AKT/ERK1/2 signaling activation, with TRAF4-mediated stabilization preventing ubiquitin-mediated degradation 3. CAV1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma and serves as a potential therapeutic target 4. The protein plays crucial roles in anoikis regulation, with downregulation promoting this form of cell death in gliomas 5. Additionally, CAV1 facilitates cancer-associated fibroblast-mediated chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer through LIF/STAT3 axis modulation 1. Genetic polymorphisms in CAV1 are associated with atrial fibrillation susceptibility 6, highlighting its broader physiological importance beyond cancer biology.