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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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CCL28
C-C motif chemokine ligand 28
Chromosome 5 · 5p12
NCBI Gene: 56477Ensembl: ENSG00000151882.11HGNC: HGNC:17700UniProt: A0N0Q3
56PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
extracellular exosomecell chemotaxisprotein bindingchemokine activityneoplasminfectionmathematical abilitylung adenocarcinoma
✦AI Summary

CCL28 is a C-C motif chemokine that functions as a key mucosal immune regulator and tumor microenvironment modulator. Primarily, CCL28 recruits CCR10+ IgA plasmablasts to mucosal tissues, particularly the lactating mammary gland and airway submucosal glands, where gland epithelial cells express CCL28 to support IgA plasma cell longevity and antibody secretion 1. In addition to mucosal immunity, CCL28 plays significant roles in tumor immunology. The chemokine recruits regulatory T cells (Treg) through the CCR10-CCL28 axis, contributing to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment 2. In colorectal cancer, the CCL28-CCR10 axis facilitates IgG plasma cell migration to tumor stroma and is implicated in immunosuppressive responses 3. CCL28 expression is upregulated through canonical WNT signaling in cancer stem cells 4 and through the β-catenin/CCL28 axis activated by bile acid signaling, leading to elevated intratumoral Treg infiltration and enhanced colorectal cancer progression under high-fat diet conditions 5. In liver metastases, CCL28 mediates recruitment of IgA+ plasma cells that promote immunosuppression 6. These findings suggest CCL28 blockade represents a potential therapeutic strategy to reprogram immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments.

Sources cited
1
CCL28 recruits CCR10+ IgA plasmablasts to mucosal tissues and is homeostatically expressed in mucosal tissues with important functions in mucosal immunity
PMID: 28207301
2
Regulatory T cells are chemoattracted to the tumor microenvironment by CCR10-CCL28 chemokine gradient
PMID: 31102428
3
CCL28-CCR10 axis is pivotal for IgG plasma cell migration in colorectal cancer and involved in immunosuppressive responses
PMID: 36082430
4
CCL28 is upregulated as a target gene of canonical WNT signaling in cancer stem cells
PMID: 35837811
5
β-catenin-regulated CCL28 expression leads to elevated intratumoral CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells and accelerated colorectal cancer progression under high-fat diet
PMID: 36765047
6
Metastatic tumor cells recruit IgA+ plasma cells via CCR10-CCL28 signaling in colorectal cancer liver metastasis
PMID: 37352379
7
Gland epithelial cells express CCL28 to recruit and promote longevity and antibody secretion of IgA plasma cells in airway submucosal glands
PMID: 36543915
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
infectionOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
mathematical abilityOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
ulcerative colitisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
isolated agammaglobulinemiaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Autosomal recessive early-onset inflammatory bowel diseaseOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
inflammatory bowel diseaseOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
glioblastoma multiformeOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
early-infantile DEEOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
autoimmune diseaseOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
breast carcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
genital herpesOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
immunodeficiency, common variable, 14Open Targets
0.04Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
CXCL17Protein interaction100%CXCL10Protein interaction100%CCL11Protein interaction100%CCL13Protein interaction100%XCL1Protein interaction100%CXCL12Protein interaction100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Lung
13%
Liver
12%
Ovary
8%
Brain
8%
Heart
5%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CCL28CXCL17CXCL10CCL11CCL13XCL1CXCL12
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB6CWS · NMR
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.24LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.06Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.59 [0.31–1.24]
RankingsWhere CCL28 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #8,047of 20,598
    Most Researched56
  • #13,040of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.24
Genes detectedCCL28
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
WNT signaling and cancer stemness.
PMID: 35837811
Essays Biochem · 2022
1.00
2
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4.
PMID: 33182504
Int J Mol Sci · 2020
0.90
3
Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target?
PMID: 31102428
Cancer Sci · 2019
0.80
4
Bile salt hydrolase in non-enterotoxigenic Bacteroides potentiates colorectal cancer.
PMID: 36765047
Nat Commun · 2023
0.70
5
Mucosal Chemokines.
PMID: 28207301
J Interferon Cytokine Res · 2017
0.60