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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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CENPI
centromere protein I
Chromosome X · Xq22.1
NCBI Gene: 2491Ensembl: ENSG00000102384.14HGNC: HGNC:3968UniProt: A0A8C8KX99
45PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Highly ConstrainedHub Gene
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingkinetochorenucleoplasmnuclear bodyneurodegenerative diseasePremature ovarian insufficiencyneoplasmhepatocellular carcinoma
✦AI Summary

CENPI (centromere protein I) is a core centromeric protein essential for chromosome X and kinetochore assembly. As a component of the CENPA-CAD complex, CENPI facilitates CENPA incorporation into centromeres and is required for proper localization of checkpoint proteins MAD1L1 and MAD2 to kinetochores, ensuring accurate mitotic progression 1. Beyond its canonical centromeric function, CENPI has emerged as a significant oncogene across multiple cancer types. It is consistently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma 12345. In these malignancies, CENPI promotes tumorigenesis through distinct molecular mechanisms: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer 3, RAS/MEK/ERK pathway activation in hepatocellular carcinoma 5, and arginine/proline metabolism regulation in glioblastoma 4. CENPI knockdown suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition across cancer models 21. High CENPI expression correlates with poor prognosis and treatment resistance, positioning it as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target 13. Clinically, CENPI mutations have been linked to steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome via X-linked inheritance 6, and anti-CENPI autoantibodies appear in scleroderma patients, particularly those with concurrent autoimmune liver disease 7.

Sources cited
1
As a component of the CENPA-CAD complex, CENPI facilitates CENPA incorporation into centromeres and is required for proper localization of checkpoint proteins MAD1L1 and MAD2 to kinetochores, ensuring accurate mitotic progression .
PMID: 38232915
2
It is consistently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma , , , , .
PMID: 41074145
3
It is consistently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma , , , , .
PMID: 40784804
4
It is consistently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma , , , , .
PMID: 41206587
5
Clinically, CENPI mutations have been linked to steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome via X-linked inheritance , and anti-CENPI autoantibodies appear in scleroderma patients, particularly those with concurrent autoimmune liver disease .
PMID: 31912435
6
Clinically, CENPI mutations have been linked to steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome via X-linked inheritance , and anti-CENPI autoantibodies appear in scleroderma patients, particularly those with concurrent autoimmune liver disease .
PMID: 21888900
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.13Weak
Premature ovarian insufficiencyOpen Targets
0.11Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
adrenal cortex carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasiaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
triple-negative breast cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
liver cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
breast carcinomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
sclerodermaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
glioblastoma multiformeOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
uterine leiomyosarcomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
breast neoplasmOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
gliomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
CENPAProtein interaction100%CENPCProtein interaction100%CENPOProtein interaction100%CENPTProtein interaction100%CENPQProtein interaction100%CENPHProtein interaction100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Brain
85%
Ovary
25%
Lung
14%
Heart
10%
Liver
5%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CENPICENPACENPCCENPOCENPTCENPQCENPH
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB7PB4 · 2.49 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.15Highly Constrained
pLIⓘ
1.00Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.07 [0.03–0.15]
RankingsWhere CENPI stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #9,425of 20,598
    Most Researched45
  • #218of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.15 · top 5%
Genes detectedCENPI
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Immune infiltration related CENPI associates with the malignant features and drug resistance of lung adenocarcinoma.
PMID: 38232915
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis · 2024
1.00
2
CENPI is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and regulates cell migration and invasion.
PMID: 29936263
Gene · 2018
0.90
3
Bioinformatics Combined With Biological Experiments to Identify the Pathogenetic Link of Type 2 Diabetes for Breast Cancer.
PMID: 40202151
Cancer Med · 2025
0.80
4
Centromere protein I facilitates breast cancer tumorigenesis and disease progression through modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling.
PMID: 41074145
Cancer Cell Int · 2025
0.70
5
Centromere protein I (CENPI) is a candidate gene for X-linked steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome.
PMID: 31912435
J Nephrol · 2020
0.60