CENPI is a core centromere protein essential for kinetochore assembly and chromosome X. It functions as a component of the CENPA-CAD complex and facilitates localization of checkpoint proteins MAD1L1 and MAD2 to kinetochores, supporting faithful mitotic progression. Beyond its canonical centromeric role, CENPI is involved in gonadal tissue response to follicle-stimulating hormone. CENPI is significantly overexpressed across multiple cancer types and promotes oncogenic phenotypes through distinct signaling mechanisms. In breast cancer, CENPI drives tumorigenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin axis and associates with poor prognosis 1. In colorectal cancer, elevated CENPI expression correlates with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and promotes cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition 2. In hepatocellular carcinoma, CENPI activates RAS/MEK/ERK signaling to enhance migration and EMT, with high expression predicting significantly reduced 5-year survival 3. In glioblastoma, CENPI regulates arginine and proline metabolism through FOXM1-dependent transcriptional control 4. In lung adenocarcinoma, CENPI knockdown arrests cells in G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis by suppressing CDK2 5. Additionally, CENPI expression correlates with poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes-associated breast cancer and mediates hyperglycemia-driven proliferation and migration 6. Clinically, rare CENPI variants associate with X-linked steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome 7, and CENPI autoantibodies appear in scleroderma patients with concurrent autoimmune liver disease 8. The gene represents a promising therapeutic target across multiple malignancies.