CPEB1 is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that regulates mRNA cytoplasmic polyadenylation and translation through binding to uridine-rich CPE elements in 3'-UTRs 1. During oocyte maturation, CPEB1 phosphorylation by converging CDK1/MAPK and AURKA/PLK1 kinase cascades activates translation of CPE-containing mRNAs, with CDK1/MAPK pathway activity being essential for translational activation 2. CPEB1 interacts with PATL2 and TUT7 to maintain maternal mRNA homeostasis in oocytes 3 and is required for cell cycle progression during prophase entry. CPEB1 dysfunction contributes to multiple diseases. Pathogenic variants in CPEB1 are associated with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), causing loss of ovarian function and female infertility through disruption of meiosis 45. In pancreatic cancer, CPEB1 deficiency promotes ferroptosis resistance by enhancing p62-mediated NRF2 stabilization, with CPEB1 expression serving as an independent prognostic marker 6. In lung cancer, miR-425-mediated downregulation of CPEB1 promotes cell invasion and metastasis 7. In glioma, CPEB1 overexpression—regulated epigenetically by miR-101—promotes cell senescence through p53-dependent mechanisms 8. These findings establish CPEB1 as a critical regulator of mRNA translation with broad implications for reproductive disorders and cancer biology.