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50 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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CRP
C-reactive protein
Chromosome 1 · 1q23.2
NCBI Gene: 1401Ensembl: ENSG00000132693.12HGNC: HGNC:2367UniProt: P02741
2,459PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Hub Gene
RESEARCH IMPACT
Highly Studied
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
positive regulation of superoxide anion generationregulation of interleukin-8 productionnegative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferationcalcium ion bindingbacterial diseasepneumoniainfluenzabacterial pneumonia
✦AI Summary

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an evolutionarily conserved acute-phase plasma protein composed of five identical pentameric subunits 1. CRP functions as a pattern recognition receptor mediating innate immunity through calcium-dependent binding to phosphocholine and other ligands 2. Its primary mechanism involves complement activation, opsonization, and phagocytosis enhancement through interactions with leukocyte CRP-receptors via a conserved cell-binding peptide (residues 31-36: KAFTVC) 3. CRP also binds dead and damaged cells, promoting their clearance 4. In disease pathogenesis, CRP contributes to atherosclerosis through a feedback loop with oxidized LDL and the LOX-1 scavenger receptor on endothelial cells 5. During influenza infection, CRP modulates metabolic reprogramming and immune homeostasis, with both protective and potentially pathogenic roles 6. Clinically, serum CRP levels serve as a faithful biomarker of inflammation severity and treatment response, though its biological effects occur even at baseline levels 7. CRP also exerts pro-inflammatory effects on vascular cells and can exacerbate tissue damage through complement activation 4. Notably, no genetic CRP deficiency has been reported in humans, and therapeutic CRP inhibition is being explored for diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer 7.

Sources cited
1
CRP is evolutionarily conserved pentameric protein; in humans it is an acute phase protein, whereas in arthropods it is constitutively expressed
PMID: 31114584
2
CRP is a conserved pentraxin with pattern recognition receptor-like activities; in vivo functions remain largely unestablished
PMID: 36881905
3
CRP binds leukocyte CRP-receptor via cell-binding peptide residues 31-36 (KAFTVC); inhibits superoxide generation
PMID: 9015762
4
CRP interacts with LOX-1 and atherogenic LDL in a feedback loop contributing to atherosclerosis pathogenesis
PMID: 26607724
5
CRP modulates metabolic reprogramming during influenza infection with dual roles in immune protection and disease severity
PMID: 41878438
6
CRP rises rapidly in response to tissue damage and inflammation; serum levels gauge disease severity; baseline CRP exerts biological effects
PMID: 33633738
7
CRP activates complement, binds dead cells, and can exacerbate pre-existing tissue damage; no genetic deficiency reported in humans
PMID: 30459761
8
CRP is multifunctional in innate immunity acting as opsonin, enhancing complement activation and phagocytosis; hepatic synthesis in vertebrates
PMID: 37860004
Disease Associationsⓘ20
bacterial diseaseOpen Targets
0.52Moderate
pneumoniaOpen Targets
0.52Moderate
influenzaOpen Targets
0.44Moderate
bacterial pneumoniaOpen Targets
0.42Moderate
inflammatory responseOpen Targets
0.36Weak
nephritisOpen Targets
0.35Weak
Prosthesis-Related InfectionsOpen Targets
0.34Weak
interstitial nephritisOpen Targets
0.32Weak
renal tubule diseaseOpen Targets
0.32Weak
Abruptio PlacentaeOpen Targets
0.17Weak
squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.14Weak
SepsisOpen Targets
0.12Weak
infectionOpen Targets
0.12Weak
metabolic syndromeOpen Targets
0.12Weak
depressive disorderOpen Targets
0.12Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.12Weak
cardiovascular diseaseOpen Targets
0.12Weak
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.12Weak
COVID-19Open Targets
0.12Weak
coronary artery diseaseOpen Targets
0.12Weak
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
PRTN3Protein interaction100%CFHProtein interaction100%CFHR4Protein interaction100%CFHR5Protein interaction99%FCGR2AProtein interaction99%C1RProtein interaction99%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Brain
0%
Heart
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Lung
0%
Ovary
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CRPPRTN3CFHCFHR4CFHR5FCGR2AC1R
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB3PVN · 1.98 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.93LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.50 [0.79–1.93]
RankingsWhere CRP stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #37of 20,598
    Most Researched2,459 · top 1%
  • #17,497of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.93
Genes detectedCRP
Sources retrieved50 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
50▼
1
Evolution of C-Reactive Protein.
PMID: 31114584
Front Immunol · 2019
1.00
2
Selective C-Reactive Protein-Apheresis in Patients.
PMID: 30924312
Ther Apher Dial · 2019
0.92
3
C-Reactive Protein: The Most Familiar Stranger.
PMID: 36881905
J Immunol · 2023
0.90
4
Regulation of the human C-reactive protein gene, a major marker of inflammation and cancer.
PMID: 2170808
Mol Biol Med · 1990
0.84
5
What is the role of CRP in glioblastoma?
PMID: 33385735
Cancer Treat Res Commun · 2021
0.82