CXCL5 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that primarily functions as a neutrophil chemoattractant and activator through binding to CXCR2 receptors 1. The protein plays a central role in orchestrating inflammatory responses by recruiting neutrophils to sites of inflammation and injury 2. CXCL5 activates multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and STAT3, which regulate both immune cell function and cellular proliferation 34. In pathological contexts, CXCL5 contributes significantly to disease progression across multiple conditions. In cancer, it promotes tumor immune evasion by upregulating PD-L1 expression on both tumor cells and neutrophils, creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment that impairs CD8+ T cell function 3. CXCL5 also facilitates tumor progression through crosstalk with tumor-associated macrophages and cancer stem cells 4. In inflammatory conditions like gouty arthritis, CXCL5 activates CXCR2 on nociceptive sensory neurons, triggering pain pathways while simultaneously promoting neutrophil infiltration 1. The protein's dysregulation is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers and inflammatory diseases 5. Given its central role in pathological inflammation and tumor progression, CXCL5 represents a promising therapeutic target, with combination strategies targeting the CXCL5-CXCR2 axis showing potential in preclinical studies 6.