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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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DDIT4
DNA damage inducible transcript 4
Chromosome 10 · 10q22.1
NCBI Gene: 54541Ensembl: ENSG00000168209.7HGNC: HGNC:24944UniProt: Q9NX09
131PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Apoptosis
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingresponse to hypoxianegative regulation of TOR signalingdefense response to virusneurodegenerative diseaserefractive errorsmoking cessationhair color
✦AI Summary

DDIT4 (DNA damage inducible transcript 4) is a stress-responsive regulator of cell growth and survival that functions primarily through inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) 1. The protein mediates cellular responses to multiple stressors including DNA damage, hypoxia, and metabolic stress by suppressing mTORC1 activity, thereby controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis 2. DDIT4 acts as a licensing mechanism during injury-induced metaplasia, allowing only DNA-damage-free cells to proliferate through controlled mTORC1 reactivation; loss of DDIT4 results in increased mitosis despite unrepaired DNA damage and enhanced tumorigenesis risk 2. In cancer cachexia, disrupted methionine metabolism leads to DNA hypomethylation and excessive DDIT4 expression, driving muscle atrophy through mTORC1 inhibition; methionine supplementation restores DDIT4 silencing and alleviates atrophy 3. DDIT4 also protects against H. pylori-induced gastric metaplasia by metabolic regulation of ferroptosis, with DDIT4 loss increasing ferroptosis markers and metaplastic lesions 4. Additionally, in triple-negative breast cancer, DDIT4 mRNA stabilization promotes autophagy and chemoresistance, suggesting therapeutic potential for DDIT4 targeting 5. DDIT4 expression correlates with prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia, where KMT2D regulates DDIT4 as a negative mTOR pathway regulator 6.

Sources cited
1
IL-10 suppresses mTOR activity through induction of DDIT4 and promotes mitophagy
PMID: 28473584
2
DDIT4 licenses healthy cells to proliferate by controlling mTORC1 reactivation; DDIT4 loss increases proliferation despite DNA damage and tumorigenesis
PMID: 32956680
3
Methionine cycle disruption causes DNA hypomethylation-induced DDIT4/REDD1 expression driving muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia; methionine supplementation and REDD1 knockout alleviate atrophy
PMID: 39729999
4
DDIT4 protects against H. pylori-induced gastric metaplasia through metabolic regulation of ferroptosis; DDIT4 loss increases ferroptosis and metaplastic lesions
PMID: 39943905
5
lncRNA DDIT4-AS1 stabilizes DDIT4 mRNA to promote autophagy and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer
PMID: 37096846
6
KMT2D directly regulates DDIT4 expression as a negative regulator of mTOR pathway in AML
PMID: 37142882
7
DDIT4 is among six neutrophil extracellular trap-related genes with strong predictive ability for AML patient survival
PMID: 38643300
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.53Moderate
refractive errorOpen Targets
0.27Weak
smoking cessationOpen Targets
0.16Weak
hair colorOpen Targets
0.12Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.10Weak
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Weak
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
triple-negative breast cancerOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
Huntington diseaseOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
oral squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
obesityOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
gliomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
RHEBProtein interaction99%TSC1Protein interaction99%TSC2Protein interaction99%TBC1D7Protein interaction99%TBC1D7-LOC100130357Protein interaction99%MTORProtein interaction99%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Ovary
100%
Lung
29%
Liver
28%
Brain
14%
Bone Marrow
9%
Heart
5%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
DDIT4RHEBTSC1TSC2TBC1D7TBC1D7-LOC100130357MTOR
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB3LQ9 · 2.00 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.48LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.02 [0.71–1.48]
RankingsWhere DDIT4 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #3,555of 20,598
    Most Researched131 · top quartile
  • #15,023of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.48
Genes detectedDDIT4
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
LAMP2A, LAMP2B and LAMP2C: similar structures, divergent roles.
PMID: 37469132
Autophagy · 2023
1.00
2
Disrupted methionine cycle triggers muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia through epigenetic regulation of REDD1.
PMID: 39729999
Cell Metab · 2025
0.90
3
Anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10 mediated by metabolic reprogramming of macrophages.
PMID: 28473584
Science · 2017
0.80
4
DDIT4 Licenses Only Healthy Cells to Proliferate During Injury-induced Metaplasia.
PMID: 32956680
Gastroenterology · 2021
0.70
5
Targeting lncRNA DDIT4-AS1 Sensitizes Triple Negative Breast Cancer to Chemotherapy via Suppressing of Autophagy.
PMID: 37096846
Adv Sci (Weinh) · 2023
0.60