MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a master regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and survival 1. It integrates diverse environmental signals including nutrients, hormones, growth factors, and energy status to control fundamental cellular processes 2. MTOR operates within two structurally and functionally distinct complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1, activated by amino acids and growth factors at the lysosome membrane, promotes protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis by phosphorylating translation regulators including EIF4EBP1 and RPS6KB1 3. It also inhibits catabolic pathways by suppressing autophagy through ULK1 phosphorylation 1. In contrast, mTORC2 is nutrient-insensitive and transduces growth factor signals to regulate cell proliferation and cytoskeletal organization by phosphorylating AGC kinases including AKT and PKC 2. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is implicated in multiple human diseases including metabolic disorders, cancer, and aging 2. Notably, genetic mutations in MTOR cause Smith-Kingsmore syndrome and focal cortical dysplasia, demonstrating its critical role in neural development 4. Given its extensive biological impact, mTOR represents a major therapeutic target, with mTOR inhibitors showing clinical benefit across various disease contexts 5.