FMR1 encodes FMRP (Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein), an RNA-binding protein that regulates multiple cellular processes including translation, synaptic plasticity, and RNA metabolism 1. The protein contains motifs characteristic of RNA-binding proteins and shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus via a functional nuclear localization signal 1. FMRP plays critical roles in nuclear function including chrX dynamics and non-canonical nucleic acid structure formation 2. The FMR1 gene contains polymorphic CGG repeats in its 5' UTR that are essential for normal neuronal function, regulating mRNA localization, cellular stress responses, and glucocorticoid receptor signaling 3. CGG repeat expansions cause distinct disease phenotypes: full mutations (>200 repeats) lead to gene silencing and Fragile X syndrome, while smaller expansions result in aberrant splicing producing the FMR1-217 isoform and premutation-associated disorders 4. FMRP absence impairs synaptic maturation and causes neuronal hyperexcitability 1. Emerging evidence suggests FMR1 also regulates cellular metabolism with potential implications for cancer biology 5. Clinically, FMR1 mutations cause a spectrum of disorders including intellectual disability, autism-like features, premature ovarian failure, and late-onset tremor/ataxia syndrome 16.