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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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FRK
fyn related Src family tyrosine kinase
Chromosome 6 · 6q22.1
NCBI Gene: 2444Ensembl: ENSG00000111816.9HGNC: HGNC:3955UniProt: P42685
63PubMed Papers
20Diseases
6Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
KinaseTumor Suppressor
CLINICAL
FDA Approved Target
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
extracellular exosomenucleoplasmprotein bindingprotein tyrosine kinase activitychronic myelogenous leukemiametastatic colorectal cancercolorectal canceracute lymphoblastic leukemia
✦AI Summary

FRK (fyn-related kinase) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that functions primarily as a tumor suppressor through multiple mechanisms. FRK negatively regulates cell proliferation and stabilizes the PTEN phosphatase by phosphorylating it on tyrosine 336, preventing NEDD4-mediated degradation [UniProt]. In glioblastoma, FRK exerts tumor suppressive effects through distinct pathways: it inhibits JNK/c-Jun signaling to reduce migration and invasion 1, promotes N-cadherin/β-catenin complex formation at the plasma membrane to suppress glioma cell motility 2, and phosphorylates YAP (Yes-associated protein) on tyrosines 391/407/444, recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 to mediate YAP degradation 3. However, FRK exhibits tissue-specific functional heterogeneity, displaying oncogenic properties in pancreatic and liver cancers where FRK knockdown suppresses proliferation 4. In hepatocellular adenomas, FRK mutations associate with specific tumor subtypes 5. This context-dependent duality—tumor-suppressive in glioma and breast cancer but potentially oncogenic in other tissues—highlights the importance of tissue-specific investigation when considering FRK as a therapeutic target.

Sources cited
1
FRK inhibits JNK/c-Jun signaling to reduce glioma cell migration and invasion
PMID: 22790444
2
FRK promotes N-cadherin/β-catenin complex formation to suppress glioma migration and invasion
PMID: 24969324
3
FRK phosphorylates YAP and recruits Siah1 E3 ligase for YAP ubiquitination and degradation in glioblastoma
PMID: 35723276
4
FRK exhibits tissue-specific functional heterogeneity as tumor suppressor in some cancers but oncogenic in pancreatic and liver cancers
PMID: 27067725
5
FRK mutations associate with specific hepatocellular adenoma molecular subtypes
PMID: 27939373
Disease Associationsⓘ20
chronic myelogenous leukemiaOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
metastatic colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.55Moderate
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.54Moderate
acute lymphoblastic leukemiaOpen Targets
0.53Moderate
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
colorectal neoplasmOpen Targets
0.49Moderate
lymphoid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.39Weak
Blast Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveOpen Targets
0.39Weak
goutOpen Targets
0.39Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.38Weak
age-related macular degenerationOpen Targets
0.36Weak
gastrointestinal stromal tumorOpen Targets
0.35Weak
injuryOpen Targets
0.32Weak
metabolic diseaseOpen Targets
0.31Weak
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.30Weak
leukemiaOpen Targets
0.30Weak
aneurysmOpen Targets
0.30Weak
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.29Weak
malignant colon neoplasmOpen Targets
0.29Weak
prostate adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Drug Targets6
DASATINIB ANHYDROUSApproved
Bcr/Abl fusion protein inhibitor
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
ENMD-981693Phase II
Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor
ILORASERTIBPhase II
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor
REGORAFENIBApproved
Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 inhibitor
colorectal cancer
TG100-801Phase II
Ephrin type-B receptor 4 inhibitor
macular degeneration
XL-228Phase I
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor inhibitor
childhood leukemia
Related Genes
ADAMTSL3Protein interaction100%MIPOL1Protein interaction100%ASTN2Protein interaction100%PTENProtein interaction95%KIAA1328Protein interaction88%BNIP2Protein interaction80%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Heart
40%
Lung
23%
Brain
21%
Ovary
12%
Bone Marrow
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
FRKADAMTSL3MIPOL1ASTN2PTENKIAA1328BNIP2
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt P42685
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.02LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.80 [0.63–1.02]
RankingsWhere FRK stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #7,361of 20,598
    Most Researched63
  • #638of 1,025
    FDA-Approved Drug Targets2
  • #9,932of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.02
Genes detectedFRK
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Longitudinal multi-omics of host-microbe dynamics in prediabetes.
PMID: 31142858
Nature · 2019
1.00
2
Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable and Selective PKMYT1 Inhibitor, RP-6306.
PMID: 35880755
J Med Chem · 2022
0.90
3
Molecular Classification of Hepatocellular Adenoma Associates With Risk Factors, Bleeding, and Malignant Transformation.
PMID: 27939373
Gastroenterology · 2017
0.80
4
Coordinated immune networks in leukemia bone marrow microenvironments distinguish response to cellular therapy.
PMID: 39854478
Sci Immunol · 2025
0.70
5
FRK inhibits migration and invasion of human glioma cells by promoting N-cadherin/β-catenin complex formation.
PMID: 24969324
J Mol Neurosci · 2015
0.60