GABRQ encodes the theta subunit of GABA(A) receptors, heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channels that mediate GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain 12. As a component of the GABA(A) receptor complex, GABRQ contributes to the selective chloride ion conductance activated by GABA binding at alpha-beta subunit interfaces, enabling rapid synaptic inhibition 12. GABRQ is primarily expressed in GABAergic neurons and von Economo neurons within the anterior cingulate cortex, where it regulates social-emotional cognition 3. GABRQ variants show modest associations with migraine susceptibility, particularly the rs3810651 SNP, which correlates with earlier migraine onset 45. Whole exome sequencing identified GABRQ as a candidate gene in autism spectrum disorder, with potentially pathogenic variants detected in affected individuals 6. Beyond neuropsychiatric conditions, GABRQ is aberrantly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, where GABA-mediated signaling through GABRQ promotes tumor cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner 7. GABRQ expression also correlates with adverse prognosis in breast cancer and is dysregulated in Fabry disease, suggesting broader roles in cancer biology and lysosomal storage disorders 89. These findings position GABRQ as both a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker across neurological and malignant diseases.