GINS3 (GINS complex subunit 3) is a core component of the GINS tetrameric complex, which functions as an essential scaffold within the CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase 12. The CMG helicase unwinds template DNA during replication initiation and fork progression, with GINS3 required for proper helicase activity and CMG complex assembly 34. Mechanistically, GINS3 mediates critical protein-protein interactions at the replisome and facilitates DNA replication fork progression 5. Hypomorphic GINS3 variants cause Meier-Gorlin syndrome through compromised protein stability, impaired S-phase progression, and defective fork progression, demonstrating GINS3's essential role in normal cell proliferation 5. In model organisms, GINS3 variants result in intrauterine growth retardation and cellular senescence 5. Clinically, GINS3 is significantly upregulated across multiple malignancies. In hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated GINS3 correlates with poor prognosis, higher tumor stage, and immune checkpoint dysregulation 6. Similarly, high GINS3 expression associates with worse clinicopathological features in endometrial cancer 7. GINS3 upregulation represents a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and progression, though inhibiting GINS3-associated DNA replication signatures may improve therapeutic outcomes in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer 8.