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GeneE
10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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GMNC
geminin coiled-coil domain containing
Chromosome 3 · 3q28
NCBI Gene: 647309Ensembl: ENSG00000205835.9HGNC: HGNC:40049UniProt: A6NCL1
8PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingregulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiationtranscription coregulator activitynucleusMenorrhagiaovarian carcinomaovarian neoplasmhumerus fracture
✦AI Summary

GMNC (geminin coiled-coil domain containing) is a master transcriptional regulator that controls multiciliated cell (MCC) differentiation and DNA replication initiation. GMNC functions as an evolutionarily conserved determinant of MCC fate, operating downstream of Notch signaling but upstream of Multicilin in the developmental hierarchy 1. Together with MCIDAS, GMNC forms a critical transcriptional network that activates key genes required for multiciliogenesis, including p73 and FOXJ1, which control centriole amplification and motile cilia formation 2. Loss of GMNC function prevents MCC differentiation in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos, while overexpression induces supernumerary MCCs 1. Clinically, GMNC disruption has significant disease relevance. The GMNC-MCIDAS program is critical for preventing choroid plexus carcinoma development, as NOTCH pathway activation in these tumors suppresses GMNC and MCIDAS expression, leading to multiciliation defects and increased tumor proliferation 3. GMNC variants are associated with Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid tau levels and brain glymphatic activity, suggesting roles in neurodegeneration and brain fluid clearance mechanisms 45. Additionally, GMNC is implicated in structural brain connectivity, particularly affecting neural cell proliferation and differentiation pathways 6.

Sources cited
1
GMNC is a master regulator of MCC differentiation, functioning downstream of Notch but upstream of Multicilin
PMID: 26778655
2
GMNC and MCIDAS form a transcriptional network activating key multiciliogenesis genes including p73 and FOXJ1
PMID: 32362381
3
Disruption of GMNC-MCIDAS program is critical in choroid plexus carcinoma development
PMID: 35322202
4
GMNC variants are associated with Alzheimer's disease CSF tau levels
PMID: 36066633
5
GMNC is linked to brain glymphatic activity and cerebrospinal fluid clearance
PMID: 39805841
6
GMNC variants affect structural brain connectivity and neural cell proliferation
PMID: 38438384
Disease Associationsⓘ20
MenorrhagiaOpen Targets
0.40Moderate
ovarian carcinomaOpen Targets
0.36Weak
ovarian neoplasmOpen Targets
0.29Weak
humerus fractureOpen Targets
0.28Weak
WheezingOpen Targets
0.28Weak
infectious meningitisOpen Targets
0.27Weak
insomniaOpen Targets
0.26Weak
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.24Weak
bronchiectasisOpen Targets
0.18Weak
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
azoospermiaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
ring chromosome YOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesisOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
hypogonadotropic hypogonadismOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
functioning gonadotropic adenomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 with or without anosmiaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
Leydig cell hypoplasia due to LHB deficiencyOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
hypoparathyroidism, familial isolated, 2Open Targets
0.03Suggestive
ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 50Open Targets
0.03Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
E2F4Protein interaction71%E2F5Protein interaction71%MCIDASProtein interaction59%MCM5Shared pathway50%GINS1Shared pathway50%MCM6Shared pathway40%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Brain
9%
Ovary
1%
Bone Marrow
0%
Heart
0%
Lung
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GMNCE2F4E2F5MCIDASMCM5GINS1MCM6
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB5C9N · 2.20 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.88LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.01Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.55 [0.36–0.88]
RankingsWhere GMNC stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #17,607of 20,598
    Most Researched8
  • #7,857of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.88
Genes detectedGMNC
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.
PMID: 36066633
Acta Neuropathol · 2022
1.00
2
Genome-wide association study unravels mechanisms of brain glymphatic activity.
PMID: 39805841
Nat Commun · 2025
0.90
3
Genetic architecture of the structural connectome.
PMID: 38438384
Nat Commun · 2024
0.80
4
Disruption of GMNC-MCIDAS multiciliogenesis program is critical in choroid plexus carcinoma development.
PMID: 35322202
Cell Death Differ · 2022
0.70
5
Transcriptional regulation of multiciliated cell differentiation.
PMID: 32362381
Semin Cell Dev Biol · 2021
0.60