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GeneE
25 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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GPER1
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1
Chromosome 7 · 7p22.3
NCBI Gene: 2852Ensembl: ENSG00000164850.17HGNC: HGNC:4485UniProt: Q63ZY2
319PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Receptor
RESEARCH IMPACT
Trending
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
early endosomenuclear estrogen receptor activitysteroid hormone bindingpositive regulation of protein phosphorylationprostate carcinomabreast cancerneoplasmtriple-negative breast cancer
✦AI Summary

GPER1 is a G protein-coupled membrane estrogen receptor that binds 17β-estradiol with high affinity, mediating rapid non-genomic signaling 1. Upon activation, GPER1 stimulates multiple intracellular pathways including cAMP production, calcium mobilization, and Src-mediated EGFR transactivation through HB-EGF release, activating downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK cascades 2. GPER1 also functions as an aldosterone receptor regulating vascular contractility. Physiologically, GPER1 mediates cardioprotection, blood pressure regulation through vasodilation, glucose homeostasis via pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion, neuroprotection in hippocampal neurons, and immune regulation by attenuating TNF-mediated leukocyte adhesion 2. In cancer contexts, GPER1 shows complex roles: it suppresses ferroptosis in lung cancer via PI3K/AKT/mTOR-SREBP1/SCD1 signaling, promoting cisplatin resistance 3, while inducing centrosome amplification and chr7 instability in colon cancer 4. Additionally, GPER1 activation restricts macrophage proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma through MEK/ERK pathway downregulation, correlating with improved patient survival 5. GPER1 dysregulation associates with multiple diseases including reproductive disorders, breast/ovarian/lung cancers, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders 6. Its distinct non-genomic mechanism and tissue-specific effects differentiate GPER1 from nuclear estrogen receptors, offering potential therapeutic opportunities.

Sources cited
1
GPER1 is a membrane estrogen receptor mediating non-genomic signaling through cAMP, calcium, Src, and EGFR transactivation pathways
PMID: 31036290
2
GPER1 is a prominent estrogen receptor with roles in multiple physiological systems and associated with various diseases including cancers and cardiovascular disease
PMID: 36060947
3
GPER1 operates primarily through non-genomic pathways in response to 17β-estradiol binding
PMID: 38904201
4
GPER1 suppresses ferroptosis in lung cancer by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and promoting SCD1-mediated lipogenesis, conferring cisplatin resistance
PMID: 38383297
5
GPER1 activation induces centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability in colon cancer cells through centriole overduplication
PMID: 36384894
6
GPER1 activation restricts macrophage proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma through MEK/ERK pathway inhibition and correlates with improved patient survival
PMID: 39582864
Disease Associationsⓘ20
prostate carcinomaOpen Targets
0.24Weak
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.12Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.12Weak
triple-negative breast cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
endometrial cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
subarachnoid hemorrhageOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
melanomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
systemic lupus erythematosusOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
lung cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
endometriosisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
breast neoplasmOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
atherosclerosisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
benign prostatic hyperplasiaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
SRCProtein interaction100%PTK2Protein interaction100%OPRM1Protein interaction92%GPR62Protein interaction91%GPR61Protein interaction90%CYP19A1Protein interaction88%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Lung
24%
Brain
17%
Heart
17%
Ovary
10%
Bone Marrow
2%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GPER1SRCPTK2OPRM1GPR62GPR61CYP19A1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB8XOF · 2.60 Å · EM
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.90LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.31 [0.74–1.90]
RankingsWhere GPER1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #1,050of 20,598
    Most Researched319 · top 10%
  • #17,248of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.90
Genes detectedGPER1
Sources retrieved25 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
25▼
1
Estrogen receptor signaling mechanisms.
PMID: 31036290
Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol · 2019
1.00
2
Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease.
PMID: 36060947
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2022
0.90
3
The Estrogen Receptors: An Overview from Different Perspectives.
PMID: 26585122
Methods Mol Biol · 2016
0.80
4
Estrogen receptor signaling and targets: Bones, breasts and brain (Review).
PMID: 38904201
Mol Med Rep · 2024
0.70
5
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activates PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to suppress ferroptosis via SREBP1/SCD1-mediated lipogenesis.
PMID: 38383297
Mol Med · 2024
0.60