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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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GPLD1
glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1
Chromosome 6 · 6p22.3
NCBI Gene: 2822Ensembl: ENSG00000112293.16HGNC: HGNC:4459UniProt: P80108
64PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
GPI anchor phospholipase D activityD-type glycerophospholipase activityinsulin receptor signaling pathwayprotein secretiondislocationMalabsorptionneurodegenerative diseasealcohol drinking
✦AI Summary

GPLD1 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1) is a liver-derived enzyme that cleaves glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors from membrane proteins, releasing them from cell surfaces 1. The enzyme functions as an 'exerkine,' with plasma concentrations increasing after exercise and correlating with improved cognitive function in aged mice and active elderly humans 1. GPLD1 operates through a liver-to-brain axis, where it targets brain vasculature by cleaving GPI-anchored tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), thereby improving blood-brain transport and reversing age-related memory deficits 2. In cardiac tissue, GPLD1 localizes to plasma and mitochondrial membranes via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, where it cleaves uPAR (urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor) to maintain calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function, providing cardioprotective effects against heart failure 3. The enzyme also plays a role in cancer, where GPLD1+ cells represent slowly cycling cancer stem cells contributing to chemotherapy resistance, and GPLD1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by cleaving PRSS8 and activating Wnt signaling 4. GPLD1 is primarily expressed in liver with circulating concentrations of 5-10 µg/mL 5.

Sources cited
1
GPLD1 is a liver-derived GPI-degrading enzyme that increases after exercise and correlates with cognitive improvement
PMID: 32646997
2
GPLD1 targets brain vasculature by cleaving TNAP to improve blood-brain transport and reverse memory deficits
PMID: 41713415
3
GPLD1 localizes to membranes via PIP2 and cleaves uPAR to maintain cardiac function and protect against heart failure
PMID: 40631685
4
GPLD1+ cells are cancer stem cells that contribute to chemotherapy resistance and promote EMT via PRSS8 cleavage
PMID: 39743241
5
GPLD1 has circulating concentrations of 5-10 µg/mL and plays roles in chronic diseases
PMID: 37393554
Disease Associationsⓘ20
dislocationOpen Targets
0.32Weak
MalabsorptionOpen Targets
0.30Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.26Weak
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.20Weak
ankylosing spondylitisOpen Targets
0.12Weak
inflammatory spondylopathyOpen Targets
0.11Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
spondyloarthropathyOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
scrapieOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
ulcerative colitisOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
celiac diseaseOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
sialolithiasisOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
achalasia-alacrima syndromeOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Abnormal sperm morphologyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
cystOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
viral diseaseOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
PIGWProtein interaction99%PIGLProtein interaction92%PLD2Protein interaction84%PLD1Protein interaction84%ALPLProtein interaction77%PLPP2Protein interaction76%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Bone Marrow
10%
Brain
9%
Ovary
7%
Heart
5%
Lung
2%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GPLD1PIGWPIGLPLD2PLD1ALPLPLPP2
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt P80108
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.83LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.61 [0.46–0.83]
RankingsWhere GPLD1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #7,269of 20,598
    Most Researched64
  • #7,057of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.83
Genes detectedGPLD1
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Blood factors transfer beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis and cognition to the aged brain.
PMID: 32646997
Science · 2020
1.00
2
Liver exerkine reverses aging- and Alzheimer's-related memory loss via vasculature.
PMID: 41713415
Cell · 2026
0.90
3
GPLD1 Attenuates Heart Failure via Dual-Membrane Localization to Inhibit uPAR.
PMID: 40631685
Circ Res · 2025
0.80
4
The role of GPLD1 in chronic diseases.
PMID: 37393554
J Cell Physiol · 2023
0.70
5
Structure and expression of the human glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D1 (GPLD1) gene.
PMID: 11072085
Biochim Biophys Acta · 2000
0.60