GPM6A (glycoprotein M6A) is a neuronal transmembrane protein located on chromosome 4-q34 that plays critical roles in neuronal development and plasticity 1. In the nervous system, GPM6A promotes neuronal stem cell differentiation and migration by upregulating neuroectodermal-associated genes, with expression levels directly correlating with neural cell specification and neuronal migration capacity 2. The protein functions through lipid raft formation, requiring Zdhhc1/2-mediated palmitoylation at specific cysteine residues to maintain protein stability and cellular activity 3. GPM6A's role in cancer is context-dependent: it acts as an oncogene in lymphoblastic leukemia and glioblastoma, promoting filopodia formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition 45, but functions as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway 6. Notably, GPM6A dosage imbalance impairs cognitive function and long-term memory through compromised cholesterol homeostasis 7. GPM6A emerges as a signature protein in Alzheimer's disease extracellular vesicles 8, suggesting pathological involvement beyond normal neurophysiology. These findings identify GPM6A as a multifunctional protein with potential clinical significance as both a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target across neurological and malignant diseases.