GPR39 (G protein-coupled receptor 39) functions as a zinc-sensing receptor that detects physiological changes in extracellular Zn2+ concentrations and mediates diverse cellular responses 1. The receptor is widely expressed across multiple tissues including pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, liver, skin, and brain, where it activates Gαq, Gαs, and Gα12/13 signaling pathways 2. GPR39 plays critical roles in metabolic regulation, with evidence showing its involvement in glucose homeostasis through pancreatic beta cell function, where it is regulated by transcription factors HNF1A 3. In cardiac tissue, GPR39 serves as a receptor for GPNMB protein from bone marrow-derived macrophages, mediating post-myocardial infarction repair by enhancing myocyte contraction and reducing fibroblast activation 4. The receptor demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades, inhibiting inflammatory mediator release, and promoting tissue repair in conditions including neuroinflammation, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease 2. Additionally, GPR39 contributes to neuroprotection and mood regulation through interactions with neurotransmitter systems and BDNF signaling 5, and supports muscle homeostasis by counteracting glucocorticoid-induced atrophy via the obestatin signaling pathway 6. These diverse functions position GPR39 as a promising therapeutic target for multiple disease conditions 7.