IPO11 encodes Importin-11, a nuclear transport receptor that mediates the import of specific cargo proteins from cytoplasm to nucleus through a Ran-GTPase dependent mechanism. IPO11 serves critical roles in cancer biology and development through its transport of key regulatory proteins. In colorectal cancer, IPO11 facilitates β-catenin nuclear import, enabling Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activation 1. IPO11 also transports the tumor suppressor PTEN to the nucleus, protecting it from cytoplasmic degradation machinery, particularly the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2E1 2. Loss of IPO11 results in PTEN degradation and tumor development in mice 2. In acute myeloid leukemia, IPO11 imports transcription factors BZW1 and BZW2, which maintain leukemic stem cell properties and survival 3. IPO11 is essential for embryonic development, as knockout mice exhibit embryonic lethality by E11.5 4. Additionally, IPO11 facilitates nuclear translocation of TRAF2 in bladder cancer through enhanced association mechanisms 5. Rare variants in the IPO11-HTR1A genomic region show significant association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Caucasians 6. These findings establish IPO11 as both a tumor suppressor and oncogene depending on cellular context, making it a potential therapeutic target.