TNPO2 encodes transportin-2, a nuclear transport receptor that mediates non-classical nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of over 60 cargo proteins, including developmental and neuronal proteins 1. The protein functions by binding nuclear localization signals in substrate proteins and facilitating their import through nuclear pores via a Ran-dependent mechanism. TNPO2 plays critical roles in neuronal maintenance and function, as demonstrated in Drosophila models where altered expression causes developmental defects, neuronal dysfunction, and lethality in a dosage-dependent manner 1. The protein also regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of estrogen receptor-α by competing with importin-α for binding, thereby controlling cytoplasmic retention and nuclear import 2. Pathogenic de novo variants in TNPO2 cause intellectual developmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired speech, and dysmorphic features, with variant effects correlating with their position within the protein domains 1 3. TNPO2 has additional roles in cancer, promoting gastric cancer cell proliferation and serving as a potential bladder cancer biomarker 4 5. The protein is also targeted by interferon-inducible miR-128, which reduces HIV-1 replication by downregulating TNPO3 expression 6.