ITGB1 (integrin subunit beta 1) is a cell adhesion molecule that functions as a transmembrane receptor mediating cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. It serves as a functional receptor for Sema3C and acts as a direct binding partner for PD-L1, activating downstream signaling pathways including FAK, NF-κB, and AKT/Gli1/c-Myc cascades 12. ITGB1 plays critical roles in multiple disease pathways: in lung cancer, it enhances radioresistance by modulating DNA damage response and YAP1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition 3, while its expression correlates with chemoresistance through USP51-mediated stabilization of PD-L1 2. In vascular disease, NAT10-catalyzed ac4C acetylation of ITGB1 mRNA increases its stability and promotes VSMC proliferation and neointima formation 4. ITGB1 functions as a hub protein in hypertrophic scar pathogenesis, influencing focal adhesion and TGF-β signaling 5. In epithelial ovarian cancer, ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation of ITGB1 mRNA increases FAK phosphorylation and lymph node metastasis 6. Additionally, ITGB1 in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles is significantly elevated in Alzheimer's disease and associates with β-amyloid and tau pathology 7. These findings establish ITGB1 as a multifunctional integrator of adhesion signaling with broad disease relevance.