KIAA0319 is a dyslexia-associated gene that plays critical roles in cortical neuronal development and maturation. The gene is strongly associated with developmental dyslexia (reading disability), with genetic associations replicated across multiple populations and languages 123. Functionally, KIAA0319 is essential for proper cortical neurogenesis and neuronal maturation, as demonstrated by human embryonic stem cell models where KIAA0319 knockdown disrupted neuroepithelial cell differentiation and affected radial migration 1. Recent studies using human cortical organoids revealed that KIAA0319 knockout leads to smaller organoids with morphological abnormalities, disrupted neurogenesis, and impaired neuronal maturation, with neural progenitor cells favoring truncated radial glia fate over neuronal development 4. The protein appears to regulate a broader dyslexia-associated gene network involved in primary cilia formation, cortical organization, and neural network connectivity 4. Interestingly, while rodent knockdown studies suggested roles in neuronal migration, knockout mouse models showed normal cortical lamination and migration but displayed auditory processing deficits 56. KIAA0319 has also been identified as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke through proteogenomic analyses 7.