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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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KREMEN2
kringle containing transmembrane protein 2
Chromosome 16 · 16p13.3
NCBI Gene: 79412Ensembl: ENSG00000131650.16HGNC: HGNC:18797UniProt: Q53F67
16PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
transmembrane signaling receptor activitysignal transductionnegative regulation of ossificationlimb developmentneurodegenerative diseaseependymomanon-small cell lung carcinomagastric cancer
✦AI Summary

KREMEN2 (kringle containing transmembrane protein 2) is a transmembrane receptor that negatively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by cooperating with Dickkopf proteins to promote endocytosis of Wnt receptors LRP5 and LRP6. In normal physiology, KREMEN2 plays critical roles in limb development and bone formation by attenuating Wnt signaling 1. However, emerging evidence reveals that KREMEN2 functions as an oncogenic driver in multiple human cancers. KREMEN2 is significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and high-grade serous ovarian cancer compared to normal tissues 123. High KREMEN2 expression correlates with poor prognosis, lymph node metastasis, and advanced cancer stage across multiple cancer types 42. Mechanistically, KREMEN2 promotes cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways 25. In SMARCB1-deficient and cBAF-deficient cancers, KREMEN2 transcriptional upregulation depends on CBP/p300 acetyltransferase activity, making CBP/p300 dual inhibitors synthetic lethal therapeutic agents by suppressing KREMEN2 expression and inducing apoptosis 67. These findings establish KREMEN2 as a pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and promising immunotherapeutic and epigenetic target.

Sources cited
1
KREMEN2 is highly expressed in 17 tumor types, associated with poor prognosis in pan-cancer, and plays role in cell cycle regulation
PMID: 37772558
2
KREMEN2 promotes NSCLC proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activation
PMID: 40638942
3
KREMEN2 is a driver gene in HGSOC tumorigenesis with upregulation associated with metastasis and advanced stage; m6A modification by FTO regulates KREMEN2
PMID: 38615731
4
High KREMEN2 expression in colon cancer correlates with poor survival, lymph node metastasis, and serves as independent prognostic indicator
PMID: 37123533
5
SMARCB1 deficiency leads to KREMEN2 upregulation via CBP/p300-mediated H3K27ac at KREMEN2 locus; CBP/p300 dual inhibitors suppress KREMEN2 and induce apoptosis
PMID: 38839769
6
cBAF-deficient cancers (SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient and SS18-SSX fusion) depend on KREMEN2 upregulation; CBP/p300 dual inhibitors cause synthetic lethality by repressing KREMEN2
PMID: 39625239
7
KREMEN2 promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration through EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation
PMID: 41472941
8
KREMEN2 is included in a validated 16-gene T-cell-related prognostic model for NSCLC risk stratification
PMID: 40260244
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.19Weak
ependymomaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
angina pectorisOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
renal cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
osteoporosisOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
lung cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
gastric carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4Open Targets
0.01Suggestive
posterior cortical atrophyOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
papillary thyroid carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
head and neck squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
ataxia telangiectasiaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
RSPO1Protein interaction96%ERLEC1Protein interaction92%DKK3Protein interaction91%LRP6Protein interaction87%LRP5Protein interaction87%WNT1Protein interaction87%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Brain
52%
Lung
10%
Liver
8%
Ovary
3%
Heart
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
KREMEN2RSPO1ERLEC1DKK3LRP6LRP5WNT1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q53F67
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.40LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.08 [0.85–1.40]
RankingsWhere KREMEN2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #15,296of 20,598
    Most Researched16
  • #14,489of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.40
Genes detectedKREMEN2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Targeting dependency on a paralog pair of CBP/p300 against de-repression of KREMEN2 in SMARCB1-deficient cancers.
PMID: 38839769
Nat Commun · 2024
1.00
2
Comprehensive Analysis of
PMID: 37772558
Anticancer Res · 2023
0.90
3
N
PMID: 38615731
Lab Invest · 2024
0.80
4
KREMEN2 promotes the proliferation and the metastasis through activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer.
PMID: 40638942
Biochem Cell Biol · 2025
0.70
5
Increased Kremen2 predicts worse prognosis in colon cancer.
PMID: 37123533
Pathol Oncol Res · 2023
0.60