LANCL1 (LanC-like glutathione S-transferase 1) is a multifunctional cell surface protein located on chromosome 2 1 with emerging roles extending beyond classical glutathione transferase activity. LANCL1 functions as an abscisic acid (ABA) receptor in muscle and adipose tissue, binding ABA with a Kd of 1-10 μM and stimulating glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway 2. In adipocytes, the ABA/LANCL1/2 system controls thermogenesis and energy expenditure through mitochondrial function and uncoupling protein expression 3, while in cardiomyocytes it regulates contractile protein expression and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism via ERRα signaling 4. Pathologically, LANCL1 plays tissue-specific roles: in hepatocellular carcinoma, it paradoxically promotes tumor initiation by suppressing ROS through the FAM49B-Rac1 axis independent of glutathione transferase function 5, whereas in gliomas it acts as a tumor suppressor, correlating with favorable prognosis and low grade 6. In testicular tissue, LANCL1 is essential for male fertility, regulating spermatogenic redox homeostasis via the SP1-LanCL1 axis and protecting against oxidative damage 78. These findings indicate tissue-dependent and context-specific functions integrating redox regulation, metabolic control, and cellular signaling.