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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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LEUTX
leucine twenty homeobox
Chromosome 19 · 19q13.2
NCBI Gene: 342900Ensembl: ENSG00000213921.8HGNC: HGNC:31953UniProt: A8MZ59
9PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingDNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificRNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingregulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIcervical carcinomaBenign Thyroid Gland Neoplasmpulmonary edemaneoplasm
✦AI Summary

LEUTX (leucine twenty homeobox) is a paired-like homeobox transcription factor expressed exclusively during human preimplantation development, specifically at the 4-8 cell stage during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) 1. The gene encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor containing a complete homeodomain and a Leutx-specific domain with transactivation motifs (9aaTAD) 2. Mechanistically, LEUTX functions as a transcriptional activator that targets TAATCC-containing promoters and genomic cis-regulatory sequences overlapping repetitive elements 23. LEUTX stabilizes interactions with histone acetyltransferases EP300 and CBP, opening chr19 and establishing histone acetylation at EGA-related genomic regions 43. This activation upregulates genes critical for preimplantation development and 8-cell markers including DPPA3 and ZNF280A 3. In embryogenesis, LEUTX acts as a primary activator at the 4-cell stage, later balanced by the repressor DPRX at the 8-cell stage 1. Functionally, LEUTX overexpression restores failed embryonic genome activation and improves preimplantation development in cloned embryos 4. Beyond development, LEUTX has been identified as a fusion partner in renal sarcomas with the CIC gene 5. The gene shows rapid evolutionary sequence divergence among primates, with positive selection acting on homeodomain residues 6.

Sources cited
1
LEUTX is a PRD-like homeobox gene expressed during preimplantation development and acts as transcriptional activator of EGA genes
PMID: 27578796
2
LEUTX acts as TAATCC-targeting transcriptional activator with conserved homeodomain and Leutx-specific domain containing 9aaTAD
PMID: 30479355
3
LEUTX is expressed as a ZGA marker in 8-cell-like cells
PMID: 35216671
4
LEUTX opens EGA-related genomic regions and recruits acetyltransferases p300 and KAT2A to establish histone acetylation
PMID: 38878289
5
LEUTX stably interacts with EP300 and CBP through its 9aaTAD domain and targets cis-regulatory sequences overlapping repetitive elements
PMID: 36876139
6
LEUTX is confirmed as fusion partner of CIC gene in renal sarcoma
PMID: 38036973
7
LEUTX shows rapid evolutionary sequence change among primates with positive selection on homeodomain sites
PMID: 37232378
Disease Associationsⓘ20
cervical carcinomaOpen Targets
0.23Weak
Benign Thyroid Gland NeoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
pulmonary edemaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Central Nervous System NeoplasmOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
sarcomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
embryonal neoplasmOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1Open Targets
0.01Suggestive
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophyOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
alveolar rhabdomyosarcomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophyOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
medulloblastomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
congenital rubellaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
mixed neuronal-glial tumorOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
neuroepithelial neoplasmOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
angiosarcomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
spinal cord sarcomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
DPRXProtein interaction82%DUXBProtein interaction78%DUX4Protein interaction78%TPRX1Protein interaction76%MBD3L2Protein interaction75%DUXAProtein interaction73%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Heart
0%
Ovary
0%
Liver
0%
Brain
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
LEUTXDPRXDUXBDUX4TPRX1MBD3L2DUXA
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt A8MZ59
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.84LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.05Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.94 [0.41–1.84]
RankingsWhere LEUTX stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #17,362of 20,598
    Most Researched9
  • #16,759of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.84
Genes detectedLEUTX
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
8C-like cells capture the human zygotic genome activation program in vitro.
PMID: 35216671
Cell Stem Cell · 2022
1.00
2
Phylogenetic and mutational analyses of human LEUTX, a homeobox gene implicated in embryogenesis.
PMID: 30479355
Sci Rep · 2018
0.90
3
LEUTX regulates porcine embryonic genome activation in somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos.
PMID: 38878289
Cell Rep · 2024
0.80
4
The human PRD-like homeobox gene LEUTX has a central role in embryo genome activation.
PMID: 27578796
Development · 2016
0.70
5
LEUTX and OTX2 orchestrate totipotency-to-pluripotency transitions and heterogeneity in pEPSCs.
PMID: 41042670
Cell Rep · 2025
0.60