Lysozyme (LYZ) is a bacteriolytic enzyme with primary antimicrobial and immune regulatory functions. It demonstrates lysozyme activity through its killing of cells of another organism and defense responses against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 1. LYZ is localized to multiple immune compartments including azurophil and specific granules, the tertiary granule lumen, and extracellular regions, where it functions in the antimicrobial humoral response [GO annotations]. The enzyme is strongly associated with phagocytic myeloid cells; TREM2-positive myeloid cells display enhanced tumor uptake capacity, with LYZ serving as a canonical phagocytosis marker alongside CD163 1. LYZ is characteristically expressed in IL1B/LYZ+ myeloid populations that distinguish inflamed tissues in inflammatory bowel disease and pouchitis 2. Beyond infection, LYZ has emerged as a clinically relevant biomarker in multiple disease contexts. It serves as a potential diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis and cervical cancer comorbidity, with involvement in immune evasion and cell proliferation pathways 3. LYZ is also identified as a hub gene in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma progression 4, and represents a key biomarker for metabolic associated steatotic liver disease severity 5. These diverse disease associations extend LYZ's role beyond canonical antimicrobial defense to broader inflammatory and immune dysregulation contexts.