MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) is a neuron-specific protein that stabilizes microtubules and promotes their assembly 1. MAP2 functions by binding to tubulin subunits through homologous tandem repeats in its C-terminus, creating a stiffening effect that makes microtubules longer, more stable, and more rigid than those in non-neuronal cells 2. This mechanical property is critical for supporting neuronal process extension and maintaining dendritic morphology 3. MAP2 exhibits complementary spatial distribution to tau, with high molecular mass isoforms (MAP2a/b) localized to dendrites and soma, while tau concentrates in axons 1. Beyond structural support, MAP2 regulates organelle transport and anchors signaling proteins involved in synaptic plasticity 4. Notably, MAP2 phosphorylation controls its cytoskeletal association and is developmentally regulated 4. Emerging evidence reveals MAP2 can inhibit tau fibril propagation by capping tau fibril ends, suggesting a protective role against Alzheimer's disease pathology 5. In pathological contexts, MAP2 expression is downregulated during acute kidney injury-induced uremic encephalopathy through TNFα-mediated mechanisms, contributing to neuronal dysfunction 6. MAP2 serves as a reliable neuronal differentiation marker and is regulated by neuronal bHLH transcription factors and Notch signaling 3.