MMP1 (matrix metallopeptidase 1) is a zinc-dependent collagenase that primarily functions to degrade extracellular matrix components, specifically cleaving collagens of types I, II, III, VII, and X in their helical domains 123. The enzyme plays crucial roles in both physiological tissue remodeling and pathological processes. In cancer, MMP1 demonstrates complex functions depending on context. It promotes tumor progression in some cancers by facilitating invasion and metastasis through ECM degradation 456, with elevated expression correlating with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma and enabling non-small cell lung cancer progression via PAR1 receptor activation and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling 46. Conversely, MMP1 exhibits protective effects against ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer, with this protection mediated through immune microenvironment modulation involving naive-mature B cells 7. MMP1 expression is regulated by various pathways, including RUNX2 transcriptional control 6 and PKD3-mediated signaling through AP-1 transcription factors 5. The enzyme also responds to inflammatory stimuli and serves as a biomarker for UV-induced skin damage 8. Genetic polymorphisms in MMP1 are associated with altered cancer susceptibility 9.