MTURN (maturin, neural progenitor differentiation regulator homolog) is a multifunctional protein with established roles in megakaryocyte differentiation and inflammatory regulation. Primary function: MTURN promotes megakaryocyte differentiation by enhancing ERK and JNK signaling cascades while upregulating RUNX1 and FLI1 expression; it also represses NF-κB transcriptional activity by inhibiting RELA phosphorylation at Ser-536 1. Mechanism: As an evolutionarily conserved regulator of differentiation and inflammation 2, MTURN modulates multiple signaling pathways including ERK1/2 and JNK cascades. Disease relevance: MTURN expression is dysregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, where it serves as a prognostic biomarker associated with metastatic dissemination 3 and tumor progression 4. Additionally, MTURN functions as a trained immunity-related biomarker in heart failure, enriched in cardiac macrophages and linked to innate immune activation and cardiac remodeling 2. Clinical significance: MTURN represents a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool, appearing in platelet mRNA signatures for lung cancer detection with notably high diagnostic efficiency in female patients (AUC 0.825) 5, and may help stratify lung adenocarcinoma patients for personalized therapeutic interventions 6.