MYO10 (myosin X) is an unconventional actin-based motor protein with multifaceted roles in cellular morphodynamics and disease pathology. Its primary function involves promoting filopodia formation and elongation through its motor domain and multifunctional tail domain 1, with the tail domain being particularly crucial for sustaining long filopodial structures. Beyond filopodia, MYO10 facilitates cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport and can mediate mitochondrial transfer between cells via tunneling nanotube formation 2. Mechanistically, MYO10 acts as a plus-end directed microfilament motor that binds actin filaments and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, enabling cellular protrusion dynamics and intracellular cargo transport. In neuroprotection, satellite glial cell-derived MYO10 facilitates mitochondrial transfer to sensory neurons, with reduced MYO10 expression in diabetic conditions correlating with impaired transfer and neuropathic pain 2. Clinically, MYO10 exhibits stage-dependent roles in cancer progression. In early-stage breast cancer (DCIS), MYO10-dependent filopodia support basement membrane integrity and limit invasion 3. Conversely, in advanced malignancies including melanoma, squamous cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer, elevated MYO10 expression promotes metastasis, cell migration, and invasion 4567. MYO10 expression serves as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival in lung cancer and predicts chemotherapy response 6.