NBDY is a 68-amino acid microprotein that functions as a negative regulator of P-body assembly and a component of the mRNA decapping complex 1. Mechanistically, NBDY undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation in the presence of RNA and directly interacts with decapping machinery through EDC4 and DCP1A 12. Phosphorylation of NBDY drives liquid phase remixing and P-body dissociation in cells, particularly during growth factor signaling and cell division 2. ATP regulates NBDY phase separation in a concentration-dependent manner, with nonsaturated ATP facilitating condensate formation while supersaturated ATP promotes dispersal 3. Functionally, NBDY deletion dysregulates stability of over 1400 transcripts, with effects mediated both through altered DCP2-dependent decay and nonsense-mediated decay pathway changes 1. Disease relevance includes thyroid cancer, where NBDY expression serves as a prognostic biomarker in a four-eRNA signature predicting patient outcomes 4. Additionally, NBDY overexpression associates with p53 pathway activation in various cancers, and NBDY peptides can selectively dissolve P-bodies to enhance tumor suppressor activity 5. Clinically, NBDY represents a potential therapeutic target for modulating mRNA metabolism and cancer-related gene expression through P-body dynamics manipulation.