NDUFA10 is an accessory subunit of mitochondrial respiratory complex I that facilitates electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone in the electron transport chain 1. Beyond its structural role in complex I assembly, NDUFA10 contains a deoxyribonucleoside kinase domain that binds the majority of mitochondrial dGTP under physiological conditions, potentially linking oxidative metabolism to DNA maintenance 2. NDUFA10 expression correlates with cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients, with reduced expression associated with increased dementia severity 3. The protein interacts with neuroprotective factors like neuroglobin to preserve complex I activity and prevent neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson's disease models 4. NDUFA10 also interacts with acylglycerol kinase to maintain hepatic mitochondrial function and prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression 1. Biallelic variants in NDUFA10 cause mitochondrial complex I deficiency manifesting as optic atrophy and associated neurological syndromes 5, while altered NDUFA10 expression serves as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 67. In Parkinson's disease, NDUFA10 restoration rescues complex I activity independently of mitophagy pathways 8.