NLRP11 is a primate-specific inflammasome sensor protein that functions as a pattern recognition receptor for bacterial pathogen detection in human macrophages. NLRP11 localizes to the cytosol and mediates both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation pathways 1. Mechanistically, NLRP11 serves as a pattern recognition receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), required for efficient caspase-4/5 inflammasome activation during infection with gram-negative bacteria including Shigella flexneri and acid-fast mycobacteria 23. NLRP11 interacts with NLRP3 and the adaptor protein ASC, functioning as an essential component of the NLRP3 inflammasome through its NACHT and LRR domains, while its pyrin domain mediates inflammasome assembly 4. Beyond innate immunity, NLRP11 bridges the histone acetyltransferase KAT7 to promote vimentin acetylation at Lys104, facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma progression 5. NLRP11 also negatively regulates NF-κB and type I interferon signaling 6. Clinically, NLRP11 variants are associated with primary ovarian insufficiency, suggesting roles in reproductive function 7. Its primate-specific expression distinguishes NLRP11 from mouse models, highlighting its importance in human innate immune regulation.