NOL10 (nucleolar protein 10) is an intrinsically disordered protein that serves as a structural scaffold for nucleolar organization and ribosomal biogenesis 1. As a component of the small-subunit (SSU) processome, NOL10 forms the granule meshwork of the nucleolus's granular component and constitutes the skeletal framework maintaining nucleolar integrity 1. It functions within the AATF-NGDN-NOL10 (ANN) complex, which is essential for 40S ribosomal subunit synthesis by supporting 18S rRNA maturation and nucleolar cleavage steps in the 5'ETS and ITS1 regions of ribosomal RNA precursors 2. Uniquely, NOL10 remains anchored to the nucleolus under osmotic stress conditions, functioning as an assembly checkpoint for other nucleolar proteins 1. In disease contexts, NOL10 gains oncogenic relevance. A functional SNP (rs4519489) at the 2p25 prostate cancer susceptibility locus enhances USF1 transcription factor binding, elevating NOL10 expression and promoting cell cycle progression and aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes 3. In NUP98::DDX10 leukemia, NOL10 is a critical dependency that cooperatively regulates serine biosynthesis pathways; NOL10 loss impairs disease progression 4. Additionally, NOL10 dysregulation associates with multiple cancers, with altered expression implicated in lung adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer prognosis 567.