NOP58 is a core component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) essential for ribosome biogenesis and RNA modification 1. As a key structural protein in the small subunit (SSU) processome, NOP58 guides the 2'-O-methylation of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) at multiple sites, facilitating pre-rRNA processing and ribosomal protein assembly in the nucleolus 2. NOP58 is recruited to snoRNP complexes through interactions with long non-coding RNAs and the PAQosome chaperone complex, where cofactor NOPCHAP1 selectively loads NOP58 onto RUVBL1/2 AAA+ ATPases during box C/D snoRNP assembly 3. Clinically, NOP58 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis across multiple cancer types. In hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated NOP58 independently predicts worse overall survival and associates with advanced tumor stage and TP53 mutations 4. In glioblastoma and colorectal cancer, oncogenic lncRNAs promote NOP58-mediated rRNA methylation, enhancing translation of oncogenic proteins and driving tumor stemness and proliferation 56. Similarly, in Ewing sarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma, NOP58 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis in vivo 78. These findings identify NOP58 as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.