NRSN1 (neurensin 1) is a neuron-specific vesicular membrane protein involved in neural organelle transport and nerve signal transduction 1. The protein contains two putative membrane-spanning domains and a hydrophilic tail homologous to microtubule-binding domains, suggesting roles in vesicular transport and microtubule association 1. Genetically, NRSN1 variants are associated with developmental dyslexia susceptibility. NRSN1 polymorphisms correlate with altered brain function in language-processing regions—specifically the left inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus—in both dyslexic and fluently reading individuals 2. Notably, NRSN1-associated grey matter volume changes in the visual word form area can predict dyslexia risk with ~75% accuracy at kindergarten age, before literacy instruction begins 3, suggesting genetically modulated cortical plasticity influences literacy outcomes. Beyond reading disorders, NRSN1 genetic variants contribute to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) susceptibility through complex gene-gene interaction networks involving GAL, GAP43, RELN, GABRG2, and PTCH1 4. Additionally, NRSN1 variants show suggestive associations with sensorimotor processing in psychotic disorder populations 5, and NRSN1 protein levels are affected by occupational hazards like passive smoking exposure 6, indicating broader physiological relevance beyond development.