NTF4 encodes neurotrophin-4, a growth factor that functions as a target-derived survival factor for peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons. The protein signals through nerve growth factor receptors and regulates neuron projection morphogenesis, synaptic transmission, and long-term memory formation. Beyond its established neuronal roles, NTF4 has emerged as a key regulator in multiple cancer types. In breast cancer, NTF4 exhibits a dual role: high expression in early-stage disease correlates with poor clinical outcomes and metastatic progression through epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PRKDC/AKT and ANXA1/NF-κB pathways, while paradoxically suppressing primary tumor proliferation 1. In non-small-cell lung cancer and gastric cancer, NTF4 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and migration by negatively regulating FOXL1 23. In colorectal cancer, elevated NTF4 expression promotes tumorigenesis through autophagy dysregulation and is associated with advanced TNM stage and poor overall survival 4. Heterozygous NTF4 mutations have been identified in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, though at variable frequencies across populations; mutations are rare in Chinese cohorts (0.6%) but were detected in a small percentage of German patients, and functional studies suggest disruption of NTF4-TrkB complex formation 567. NTF4 may serve as both a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer, though no specific approved drugs directly targeting NTF4 have been identified in the retrieved literature.