NTN1 (netrin 1) is a guidance molecule with multifaceted roles in neuronal development, tissue regeneration, and disease pathogenesis. Primarily, NTN1 regulates axon guidance through receptor-dependent mechanisms: binding to DCC receptors mediates axon attraction, while UNC5 receptor binding promotes repulsion via increased microtubule dynamics 1. NTN1 also functions as a survival factor by preventing apoptosis through receptor signaling, and facilitates dorsal root ganglion axon projection toward the spinal cord 1. Beyond neurodevelopment, NTN1 plays critical roles in pathological contexts. In cancer, NTN1 is upregulated and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression; pharmacological blockade via anti-NTN1 antibody NP137 inhibits EMT, reduces metastases, and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity in multiple cancer models including endometrial and squamous cell carcinomas 23. In peripheral nerve regeneration, NTN1-expressing endothelial cells and their exosomes promote vascular niche formation, angiogenesis, and axon regeneration following nerve injury 4. Notably, NTN1 expression is elevated in aortic aneurysm pathology, where it sustains pathological vascular smooth muscle cell mechanosensation via Piezo1 activation 5. Emerging evidence associates NTN1 with Alzheimer's disease pathology and orofacial cleft susceptibility 67. These findings establish NTN1 as a therapeutic target across multiple disease contexts.