NUDT17 is a nudix hydrolase that functions as a decapping enzyme with specificity for monomethylated capped RNAs, hydrolyzing them after the alpha and beta phosphates to generate N(7)-methyl-GDP [UniProt annotation]. The enzyme demonstrates low activity toward unmethylated capped RNAs and possesses NAD(P)+ catabolic activity [GO annotations]. NUDT17 has minimal activity against oxidized nucleotides compared to MTH1, indicating its primary biological role centers on RNA metabolism rather than dNTP pool sanitization 1. Regarding disease relevance, NUDT17 polymorphisms show significant associations with cancer susceptibility. The rs9286836 G allele and rs2004659 G allele variants associate with reduced breast cancer risk in Chinese Han and Bangladeshi populations 23. The rs9286836 variant also demonstrates genome-wide significant association with gout risk 4. Additionally, NUDT17 expression variants show causal association with absolute neutrophil count during clozapine treatment, relevant to drug-induced neutropaenia risk 5. While early melanoma exome studies identified NUDT17 variants, they were not confirmed as significant melanoma risk factors 6. These findings position NUDT17 as a potentially important genetic determinant of cancer susceptibility and drug response, though additional functional studies are needed to elucidate mechanistic roles.