NXF3 is a tissue-specific nuclear RNA export factor that mediates mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm 1. Unlike the ubiquitously expressed TAP/NXF1, NXF3 exhibits tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns and localizes exclusively to the cytoplasm 1. In testicular tissue, NXF3 functions as a key component of the nuclear export machinery complex, interacting with NXT2 and nuclear pore complex proteins to facilitate spermatogenesis 2. Loss-of-function NXF3 variants impair later stages of spermatogenesis, resulting in reduced and compromised sperm production 2. NXF3 has emerged as a significant oncogenic factor in multiple cancers. In gastric cancer, NXF3 overexpression promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth by facilitating nuclear export of CDK5RAP3 mRNA and modulating piRNA-related pathways 3. In hepatocellular carcinoma, NXF3 expression is upregulated and associated with poor prognosis, decreased survival, and earlier tumor recurrence, particularly in male patients 4. The lncRNA AF119895 regulates NXF3 expression through interaction with miR-6508-3p to promote hepatocellular carcinoma migration and invasion 5. Additionally, NXF3 DNA hypermethylation and reduced expression in sperm have been identified as potential factors contributing to male recurrent spontaneous abortion 6. NXF3 has also been identified as a tumor-associated autoantigen in serous ovarian cancer detection panels 7.