NXT1 (nuclear transport factor 2 like export factor 1) is a critical component of the principal mRNA nuclear export machinery. As part of the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimeric export receptor, NXT1 mediates the nuclear export of diverse RNA species including mRNA, tRNA, U1 snRNA, and HSP70 mRNA 1. The NXF1-NXT1 complex functions by being recruited to maturing mRNPs in the nucleus, mediating their targeting and translocation through nuclear pore complexes, and facilitating release into the cytoplasm 1. NXT1 coordinates with DEAD-box helicases and the TREX-2 complex to complete mRNP remodeling prior to export 2. In disease contexts, NXT1 has emerged as clinically relevant. In hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated NXT1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and enhanced immune escape, particularly through increased regulatory T cells and altered macrophage polarization 3. NXT1 is also exploited by pathogens: SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 directly targets the NXF1-NXT1 complex to inhibit host mRNA export, promoting viral pathogenesis 4, and influenza virus NP protein interacts with NXT1 to promote nuclear export via CRM1-dependent mechanisms 5. In cancer biology, NXT1 represents a selective therapeutic vulnerability in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma through synthetic lethality mechanisms involving its paralog NXT2 6. These findings establish NXT1 as both a fundamental gene expression regulator and emerging therapeutic target.