OR3A3 encodes an olfactory receptor with odorant receptor activity localized to the plasma membrane, functioning in signal transduction. Based on limited published evidence, OR3A3 shows a female-specific protective association with amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology 1. This association was identified and replicated in single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex neurons, suggesting potential sex-specific mechanisms in neurodegeneration.