PAK6 is a serine-threonine kinase with brain-enriched physiological expression that functions as a multifaceted signaling regulator across neuronal and cancer contexts. Mechanistically, PAK6 operates through protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation of downstream substrates including 14-3-3 proteins, MAPK14, and DNA repair machinery. In neural tissue, PAK6 localizes to centrosomes and cilia where it positively regulates ciliogenesis 1. Notably, PAK6 rescues ciliogenesis defects caused by the G2019S LRRK2 Parkinson's disease mutation in a mutation-specific manner by binding the Roc-COR domain, making it the first identified LRRK2 modifier with PD mutation-specificity 1. In cancer pathogenesis, PAK6 is dysregulated through multiple mechanisms: androgen receptor-mediated activation promotes prostate cancer cell motility and invasion 2, METTL3-dependent m6A modification stabilizes PAK6 mRNA to drive cervical cancer progression via MAPK14 phosphorylation 3, and PAK6 enhances gastric cancer chemoresistance by promoting homologous recombination DNA repair through ATR/CHK1 signaling activation 4. Clinically, elevated PAK6 expression correlates with poor prognosis, including advanced cancer stages and chemotherapy resistance 4. Additionally, urinary exosomal PAK6 serves as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy with area under curve of 0.903 5, and PAK6 expression associates with drug sensitivity in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia 6.