HomeAboutRankingsData Sources
Β© 2026 GeneE
🧬
GeneE
10 sources retrieved Β· Most recent: April 2026 Β· Index updated 14 days ago
β“˜GeneE is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
PIGQ
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Q
Chromosome 16 Β· 16p13.3
NCBI Gene: 9091Ensembl: ENSG00000007541.18HGNC: HGNC:14135UniProt: B2RAU6
32PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
46Pathogenic Variants
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
βœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceβœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingglycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complexGPI anchor biosynthetic processendoplasmic reticulum membranegenetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathyepilepsygenetic disorderearly-infantile DEE
✦AI Summary

PIGQ encodes a component of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex, which catalyzes the initial step of GPI anchor biosynthesis by transferring N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol in the endoplasmic reticulum 1. This modification is essential for anchoring over 150 cell surface proteins to cell membranes and facilitating their trafficking to lipid rafts 1. PIGQ functions cooperatively with ARV1, which enhances GPI-GnT activity by facilitating efficient phosphatidylinositol recruitment 2. Pathogenic biallelic PIGQ variants cause multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 4 (MCAHS4), characterized by early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, axial hypotonia, developmental delay, and congenital anomalies 3. Affected individuals display reduced GPI-anchored protein expression on leukocytes, confirmed by flow cytometry, which can be restored by wildtype PIGQ transfection 3. Clinical presentations vary widely, including seizure onset between 2.5-7 months, gastrointestinal complications (including midgut volvulus), cardiac arrhythmias, and cerebellar atrophy 31. Pathogenic variants are associated with increased mortality and life-threatening rhabdomyolysis during febrile infections 4. The phenotypic spectrum also includes nonprogressive congenital ataxia and intellectual disability 1.

Sources cited
1
PIGQ encodes part of GPI-GnT complex initiating GPI biosynthesis; affects neurological development and embryogenesis
PMID: 34089469
2
ARV1 associates with PIGQ to enhance GPI-GnT activity and facilitate phosphatidylinositol recruitment
PMID: 40378954
3
Biallelic PIGQ variants cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with reduced GPI-anchored protein expression; functional evidence from patient cells
PMID: 32588908
4
PIGQ pathogenic variants associated with MCAHS4; phenotype includes rhabdomyolysis during febrile infections
PMID: 40718141
⚠Limited data available β€” This gene has 4 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsβ“˜21
genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathyOpen Targets
0.72Strong
epilepsyOpen Targets
0.55Moderate
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
early-infantile DEEOpen Targets
0.37Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.37Weak
developmental and epileptic encephalopathyOpen Targets
0.30Weak
Global developmental delayOpen Targets
0.26Weak
optic atrophyOpen Targets
0.26Weak
SeizureOpen Targets
0.26Weak
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.18Weak
esophageal diseaseOpen Targets
0.12Weak
X-linked retinal dysplasiaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
age-related macular degenerationOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
retinitis pigmentosaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
choroidal dystrophy, central areolar, 1Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
severe early-childhood-onset retinal dystrophyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Stargardt diseaseOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
snowflake vitreoretinal degenerationOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
coloboma of optic nerveOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 4UniProt
Pathogenic Variants46
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.968_969del (p.Leu323fs)Pathogenic
Inborn genetic diseases|Epilepsy|Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2026β†’ Residue 323
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.942+1G>APathogenic
not provided|Epilepsy|PIGQ-related disorder|Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77|Inborn genetic diseases
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2026
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.1199_1201del (p.Tyr400del)Pathogenic
not provided|Inborn genetic diseases|Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77|Epilepsy
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 400
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.1345G>C (p.Gly449Arg)Likely pathogenic
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 449
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.942+1G>CPathogenic
Epilepsy|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.418C>T (p.Gln140Ter)Pathogenic
Epilepsy|Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 140
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.241del (p.Leu81fs)Pathogenic
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77|Epilepsy
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2022β†’ Residue 81
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.999del (p.Leu334fs)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 334
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.91_106del (p.Val31fs)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 31
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.220G>T (p.Glu74Ter)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 74
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.211C>T (p.Gln71Ter)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 71
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.733_734del (p.Ser245fs)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 245
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.551del (p.Gly184fs)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 184
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.197G>A (p.Trp66Ter)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 66
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.1069+2T>ALikely pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.254dup (p.Ala86fs)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 86
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.1134_1143del (p.Ala377_Cys378insTer)Pathogenic
PIGQ-related disorder|Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 377
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.811C>T (p.Gln271Ter)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 271
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.1165_1166del (p.Ser389fs)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 389
NM_004204.5(PIGQ):c.637del (p.Cys213fs)Pathogenic
Epilepsy
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 213
View on ClinVar β†—
Related Genes
PIGPProtein interaction100%PIGHProtein interaction100%PIGCProtein interaction100%DPM2Protein interaction100%PIGAProtein interaction100%PIGLProtein interaction100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Liver
43%
Ovary
36%
Lung
34%
Brain
20%
Heart
13%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
PIGQPIGPPIGHPIGCDPM2PIGAPIGL
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted Β· UniProt Q9BRB3
View on AlphaFold β†—
Constraintβ“˜
LOEUFβ“˜
1.29LoF Tolerant
pLIβ“˜
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.02 [0.81–1.29]
RankingsWhere PIGQ stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #11,579of 20,598
    Most Researched32
  • #1,414of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants46
  • #13,637of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.29
Genes detectedPIGQ
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response timeβ€”
πŸ“„ Sources
10β–Ό
1
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy due to biallelic pathogenic variants in PIGQ: Report of seven new subjects and review of the literature.
PMID: 32588908
J Inherit Metab Dis Β· 2020
1.00
2
Expanding the phenotype of PIGP deficiency to multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome.
PMID: 37125481
Clin Genet Β· 2023
0.90
3
ARV1 is a component of the enzyme initiating glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis.
PMID: 40378954
J Biol Chem Β· 2025
0.80
4
PIGQ glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein deficiency: Characterizing the phenotype.
PMID: 31148362
Am J Med Genet A Β· 2019
0.70
5
PIGQ-Related Glycophosphatidylinositol Deficiency Associated with Nonprogressive Congenital Ataxia.
PMID: 34089469
Cerebellum Β· 2022
0.60