PTRH1 (peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 1 homolog) is a peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase that functions in ribosomal quality control by cleaving nascent chain-tRNA complexes stalled on ribosomes. Specifically, PTRH1 acts downstream of the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway to release non-ubiquitinated nascent chains from 60S and 80S ribosome-nascent chain complexes by cleaving peptidyl-tRNA when the tRNA is not firmly fixed in the ribosomal P-site 1. Unlike ANKZF1, which processes ubiquitinated nascent chains destined for proteasomal degradation, PTRH1 exclusively acts on non-ubiquitinated substrates, representing a distinct recycling pathway for stalled translation products 1. Beyond its canonical ribosomal function, PTRH1 has emerged as a clinically relevant biomarker in human malignancies. Transcriptomic analyses identified PTRH1 among differentially expressed RNA-binding proteins associated with colorectal cancer prognosis, where it was incorporated into prognostic risk models predicting overall survival 23. Additionally, PTRH1 expression is dysregulated in congenital pulmonary airway malformations, showing elevated expression in affected lung tissue and co-expression network associations with genes implicated in embryonic development 4. These findings suggest PTRH1 may contribute to both normal translational quality control and disease pathogenesis.