RAE1 (ribonucleic acid export 1) is a multifunctional protein with primary roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitotic regulation. As an mRNA export factor, RAE1 mediates nuclear export of poly(A)+ RNA through the nuclear pore complex 1, with evolutionary conservation demonstrated across species from yeast to humans. Beyond mRNA export, RAE1 functions in mitotic spindle checkpoint control alongside conserved checkpoint proteins, where its haploinsufficiency links to premature aging phenotypes and cellular senescence rather than malignant transformation 2. RAE1 also serves as a ligand for the activating immune receptor NKG2D, particularly expressed on dendritic cells in anti-tumor immunity 34. Clinically, RAE1 has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma, where elevated expression correlates with advanced tumor stage and poor survival outcomes 5. In gastric cancer, RAE1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis through ERK/MAPK pathway activation 6. Structurally, RAE1 associates with nucleoporin complexes (Nup98, Nup205, Nup155, Nup214) and interacts with viral antagonists like SARS-CoV-2 ORF6, which disrupts nucleocytoplasmic trafficking to suppress host immune responses 7. These multifaceted functions position RAE1 as a potential therapeutic target across cancers and viral infections.