RBM3 (RNA binding motif protein 3) is a cold-inducible RNA-binding protein that serves as a crucial regulator of cellular survival and neuroprotection 1. Its primary function involves enhancing protein synthesis and cell survival under stress conditions, particularly hypothermia 2. The protein's expression is tightly regulated through temperature-dependent splicing mechanisms, where cold exposure promotes exclusion of a poison exon that normally targets RBM3 mRNA for degradation 3. HNRNPH1 mediates this cold-dependent exon skipping through thermosensitive interactions with G-rich motifs 3. RBM3 demonstrates remarkable neuroprotective properties, with antisense oligonucleotide-mediated upregulation preventing neurodegeneration and neuronal loss in prion-diseased mice 4. The protein is highly expressed in developing human neurons, particularly in infants compared to adults 5. In cancer contexts, RBM3 shows complex roles - while generally associated with improved survival across multiple cancer types 6, it can also contribute to glioblastoma aggressiveness 7 and regulate ferroptosis in endometrial cancer through the SLC7A11 pathway 8. RBM3's multifaceted functions extend beyond cold response to include regulation of apoptosis, circadian rhythms, and cellular stress responses 2.