RND1 (Rho family GTPase 1) is an atypical member of the Rho GTPase family that lacks intrinsic GTPase activity and remains constitutively active in a GTP-bound state 12. Unlike classic Rho GTPases, RND1 functions primarily as a negative regulator of RhoA signaling and controls actin cytoskeleton rearrangements 32. The protein promotes neuritic process formation by disrupting cortical actin filaments and is regulated through interactions with docking proteins like FRS2β during fibroblast growth factor signaling 3. RND1 demonstrates significant clinical relevance as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma, where reduced expression correlates with poor patient prognosis and increased tumor aggressiveness 456. Beyond oncology, RND1 exhibits protective functions in inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis through ferroptosis induction 7 and serves as an innate immune defense mechanism against viral and bacterial infections by inhibiting pathogen internalization and promoting pro-inflammatory cytokine production 8. The protein's expression is tissue-specific and regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels, making it a potential biomarker for disease prognosis and therapeutic response 12.