RPL10 is a structural component of the large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit that plays essential roles in ribosome biogenesis and protein translation 1. The protein functions in the final stages of ribosome assembly and is required for formation of actively translating ribosomes 2. RPL10 may also contribute to embryonic brain development 3. Beyond canonical ribosomal functions, RPL10 participates in post-translational modifications; ufmylation of RPL10 enhances pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and stemness through KLF4 upregulation 4, while m6A-methylated RPL10 functions within an RNase P/MRP complex regulating circRNA abundance in intervertebral disc homeostasis 5. Hemizygous missense mutations in RPL10 cause X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder, seizures, and dysmorphic features 6. Notably, the recurrent p.(Arg32Leu) variant, located in the 28S rRNA-binding region, expands the phenotype to include postnatal microcephaly and retinal degeneration 7. RPL10 mutations also appear recurrently in hematologic malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia where RPL10 deregulation affects protein translation pathways 8, and high-grade neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma 9.