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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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RYK
receptor like tyrosine kinase
Chromosome 3 · 3q22.2
NCBI Gene: 6259Ensembl: ENSG00000163785.15HGNC: HGNC:10481UniProt: P34925
50PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
KinaseReceptor
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein tyrosine kinase activityprotein bindingpositive regulation of MAPK cascadeATP bindingAbnormality of the skeletal systemhypertensionessential hypertensioncardiovascular disease
✦AI Summary

RYK (receptor tyrosine kinase) functions as a WNT-binding receptor with dual roles in neuronal development and metabolic disease. As a coreceptor with FZD8 for WNT ligands including WNT1, WNT3, WNT3A, and WNT5A, RYK mediates multiple developmental processes through non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways 1. In the nervous system, RYK exhibits context-dependent functions: during embryonic development, Wnt5a/Ryk signaling provides essential chemorepulsive guidance for axon navigation, particularly in establishing the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum 2. Upon WNT3 stimulation, RYK undergoes proteolytic cleavage in its transmembrane region, releasing a C-terminal fragment that translocates to the nucleus to regulate neuronal development 3. After spinal cord injury, astrocyte-specific Ryk expression coordinates wound healing and scar formation; Ryk knockout elongates reactive astrocytes and accelerates border formation while reducing scar size 4. Recently, RYK was identified as a functional receptor for the GPNMB ectodomain (G-ECD), where G-ECD/RYK interaction activates ERK1/2 signaling and promotes hepatic lipid uptake and lipogenesis through PPARγ-CD36 and SREBP1C pathways, driving metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) progression 5. These findings establish RYK as a multifunctional receptor with therapeutic potential in neurological injury and metabolic disease.

Sources cited
1
RYK is involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, specifically the Wnt-RYK pathway
PMID: 21903638
2
Wnt5a/Ryk mediates chemorepulsive axon guidance in developing nervous system and corpus callosum establishment
PMID: 24643419
3
RYK is a WNT-binding receptor tyrosine kinase with pseudokinase domain that undergoes proteolytic cleavage and stimulates multiple Wnt signaling pathways
PMID: 29806777
4
Astrocyte-specific Ryk expression is induced after spinal cord injury and coordinates wound healing, scar formation, and responses of multiple cell types
PMID: 40208942
5
RYK is a functional receptor for GPNMB ectodomain that activates ERK1/2 signaling and promotes hepatic lipogenesis, driving MASH progression
PMID: 41708863
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.49Moderate
hypertensionOpen Targets
0.48Moderate
essential hypertensionOpen Targets
0.37Weak
cardiovascular diseaseOpen Targets
0.35Weak
response to xenobiotic stimulusOpen Targets
0.29Weak
Increased blood pressureOpen Targets
0.29Weak
placenta praeviaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.27Weak
facial morphologyOpen Targets
0.27Weak
skin diseaseOpen Targets
0.27Weak
poisoningOpen Targets
0.25Weak
hypertension, pregnancy-inducedOpen Targets
0.23Weak
benign digestive system neoplasmOpen Targets
0.23Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.14Weak
orofacial cleft 1Open Targets
0.12Weak
Huntington diseaseOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
glioblastoma multiformeOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
gliomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
laryngeal squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
cleft lipOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
WNT1Protein interaction98%WNT7BProtein interaction96%VANGL2Protein interaction95%WNT3AProtein interaction95%WNT4Protein interaction95%WNT8BProtein interaction94%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Ovary
100%
Heart
64%
Bone Marrow
44%
Lung
39%
Liver
33%
Brain
25%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
RYKWNT1WNT7BVANGL2WNT3AWNT4WNT8B
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB6TUA · 2.38 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.46Moderately Constrained
pLIⓘ
0.99Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.25 [0.15–0.46]
RankingsWhere RYK stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #8,871of 20,598
    Most Researched50
  • #2,571of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.46 · top quartile
Genes detectedRYK
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease.
PMID: 32227755
N Engl J Med · 2020
1.00
2
Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway: a brief overview.
PMID: 21903638
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) · 2011
0.90
3
RYK is a GPNMB receptor that drives MASH.
PMID: 41708863
Nature · 2026
0.80
4
The biochemistry, signalling and disease relevance of RYK and other WNT-binding receptor tyrosine kinases.
PMID: 29806777
Growth Factors · 2018
0.70
5
Mavacamten Favorably Impacts Cardiac Structure in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: EXPLORER-HCM Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Substudy Analysis.
PMID: 33190524
Circulation · 2021
0.60